By Katie Hunt, K.J. Kwon and Jason Hanna, CNN
Updated 11:25 AM ET, Fri September 9, 2016
Story highlights
- US "does not, and never will, accept North Korea as a nuclear state," Obama says
- North Korean test potentially twice as powerful as last one in January
(CNN)North Korea said it has hit the button on its fifth and potentially most powerful nuclear test Friday morning, claiming to have successfully detonated a nuclear warhead that could be mounted on ballistic rockets.
State media said the test would enable North Korea to produce "a variety of smaller, lighter and diversified nuclear warheads of higher strike power."
A blast detected in North Korea around 9 a.m. local time (8:30 p.m. ET) is estimated to have had the explosive power of 10 kilotons, almost twice as large as its most recent test in January, said Kim Nam-wook of South Korea's Meteorological Administration.
By comparison, the nuclear bomb that the United States dropped on Hiroshima in World War II yielded about 15 kilotons.
"It's hard for us to verify their claim. My deep fear is that they will launch a live nuclear weapon on one of their missiles, but that would be extremely dangerous as that could trigger a war," said Melissa Hanham, a senior research associate at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies.
The test comes six months after North Korea claimed it had miniaturized nuclear warheads to fit on ballistic missiles, and it comes as South Korea negotiates an expected deployment of aUS missile defense system -- a plan that Pyonyang has decried as provocative.
Obama sees grave threat
The United States, South Korea, Japan and China condemned the test, saying it was a clear violation of UN Security Council resolutions. The Security Council plans to hold an emergency meeting on the issue Friday.
President Barack Obama, who just returned from Asia, called the test a grave threat to international security.
He said he spoke to the leaders of South Korea and Japan by phone, and that all three agreed "take additional significant steps, including new sanctions, to demonstrate to North Korea that there are consequences to its unlawful and dangerous activities."
"To be clear, the United States does not, and never will, accept North Korea as a nuclear state," Obama said in a statement.
South Korean President Park Geun-hye called Kim Jong Un's regime "fanatically reckless."
"The only thing that (the) Kim Jong Un regime can gain from the nuclear tests is stronger sanctions from the international community and its isolation. Such provocation will eventually hasten its path to self-destruction," she said in a statement.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters Friday that it was "absolutely unacceptable" if North Korea had conducted another nuclear test.
Obama said he reaffirmed to Park and Abe the "unshakeable US commitment to take necessary steps to defend our allies in the region," including through the planned deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, or THAAD, anti-missile system in South Korea.
Same locations as other tests
Seismic activity was detected Friday morning near Punggye-ri -- the same location as four other tests. The US Geological Survey reported a 5.3-magnitude earthquake but later termed it an explosion.
"We are currently analyzing whether it was a successful test," a South Korean National Defense Ministry official told CNN.
A US official told CNN that it looked like a nuclear test but confirmation would be dependent on seismic readings, location of the seismic event and whether it can be matched to an underground test site.
Sniffer planes
The US Air Force is expected to start flying the WC-135 Constant Phoenix Aircraft to take air samples and see if it can determine a nuclear event occurred. Japan has sent four jets to test for radiation.
Satellite images have shown new activity at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site in recent weeks, according to North Korea monitoring site 38North.
A small number of mining carts could be seen as well as a new canopy designed to hide activity to the site, analysts said.
How close is North Korea to mounting a nuclear warhead?
North Korea has continued to improve its nuclear and missile capabilities, but it has yet to pair the two successfully. But concern has been growing that the country is testing weapons at an unprecedented pace this year, CNN international correspondent Paula Hancocks said.
South Korea worries that Pyongyang is progressing toward its goal of mounting a nuclear warhead to ballistic missiles "faster than previously estimated," a South Korean lawmaker told reporters Friday.
Kim Byung-kee of the opposition Minjoo Party made the remark after attending a meeting with South Korean intelligence officials.
Reporters asked him whether Friday's test means North Korea can now mount a nuclear warhead.
"It doesn't appear to be the case," Kim said. "Even if they can mount it (on a missile), the technology for weaponizing it is a separate issue. It doesn't appear they will be able to complete (this) in the next one or two years, but the intelligence authorities said it may be able to be weaponized sooner than expected."
Earlier tests and sanctions
In January, North Korea claimed it had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb, a move the Security Council condemned and that led to punitive sanctions on the North Korean regime. But a U.S. official directly familiar with an assessment of the test said in February there may have been a partial, failed test of some type of components associated with a hydrogen bomb.
Recent satellite images of the North Korea test site show movement, monitoring site 38North says.
A hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, can be hundreds of times more powerful than an atomic bomb, like the one dropped on Hiroshima. While the Hiroshima explosion produced the equivalent of about 15,000 tons of TNT, the world's first thermonuclear test, conducted by the United States in the Marshall Islands in 1952, yielded the equivalent of 10.4 million tons of TNT, a blast 700 times more powerful.
In addition to January's nuclear test, North Korea has tested a number of ballistic missiles, including some launched from a submarine last month and three more launched from land this week.
Sanctions against the regime, including ones targeting the North Korean leader personally, have had little effect.
Previous Security Council resolutions prohibit North Korea from conducting nuclear tests and launching ballistic missiles. After North Korea's test in January, the council imposed a round of sanctions two months later.
The sanctions included banning Pyongyang from exporting most of its natural resources, prohibiting the supply of aviation fuel and the sale of small arms to North Korea, and requiring the inspection of all North Korean planes and ships carrying cargo abroad.
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